Chu Ning was reminded of a famous scam from his previous life, which involved distributing flyers outside examination halls advertising short-term intensive training courses, with the catchphrase "guaranteed refund if you fail."
These training classes did indeed offer refunds because they had very little cost; they merely compiled questions from past examination papers and gave them to the registrants.
They cast a wide net to make a fortune from the students who passed the exams.
The promise of a refund if one failed the exam tempted many students—if they passed, they were willing to spend ten to twenty thousand, and if not, they could get a full refund.
Some were even more extreme, not charging upfront and offering so-called "secret" examination papers for free; only those who passed had to pay, while those who failed faced no charge, enticing students even more.
These scammers only spent money on printing exam papers; as long as one student passed, they made a profit.
